S-glutathionylation has emerged as an oxidant-induced post-translational modification of protein cysteines that affects structure and function. The oxidoreductase glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx1), under physiological conditions, catalyzes deglutathionylation and restores the protein thiol group. The involvement of Grx1/S-glutathionylation in allergic inflammation induced by asthma-relevant allergens remains unknown. In the present study we examined the impact of genetic ablation of Glrx1 for the pathogenesis of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway disease in mice. Wild-type (WT) or Glrx1(-/-) mice in the BALB/c background were instilled intranasally with 50 μg of HDM 5 consecutive days for 3 weeks and killed 72 hours post final exposure. As expected, overall protein S-glutathionylation was increased in Glrx1(-/-) mice exposed to HDM as compared with WT animals. Total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were similarly increased in WT and Glrx1(-/-) HDM-treated mice compared with phosphate-buffered saline-treated control mice. However, in response to HDM, mice lacking Glrx1 demonstrated significantly more neutrophils but fewer eosinophils than HDM-exposed WT mice. mRNA expression of the Th2-associated cytokine IL-13, as well as MUC5ac, was significantly attenuated in Glrx1(-/-) HDM-treated mice compared with WT mice. Conversely, expression of IL-17A was increased in Glrx1(-/-) HDM mice compared with WT mice. Last, HDM-induced tissue damping and elastance were significantly attenuated in Glrx1(-/-) mice compared with WT littermates. These results demonstrate that the Grx1/S-glutathionylation redox status plays a pivotal role in HDM-induced allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness and suggest a potential role of Glrx1/S-glutathionylation in controlling the nature of the HDM-induced adaptive immune responses by promoting Type-2-driven inflammation and restricting IL-17A.