Objective: To evaluate the effect of recombinant Wnt3a delivery on the bone regeneration potential following application of the guided bone regeneration (GBR) principle.
Materials and methods: A critical-size calvarial defect was created on each parietal bone of 14 Wistar strain rats. One defect was used as the test side and was treated with a collagen sponge carrying 2.0 μg of recombinant Wnt3a protein, whereas the contralateral side served as sham-operated control. Both defects were covered at both the extracranial and intracranial aspects with ePTFE non-resorbable membranes, according to the GBR principle. Following healing periods of 4 and 7 days, qualitative histological and histomorphometric evaluation of undecalcified sections was performed in subgroups of seven animals. The primary outcome parameter was the mean percentage of defect closure in the test and control defects.
Results: At 4 days of healing, a network of coagulum and fibrin was observed and initial signs of granulation tissue formation were evident with no apparent differences between the test and control groups. At 7 days of healing, the test group presented newly formed woven bone, originating from the borders of the defect, as opposed to the control group, whereby woven bone formation was not observed in any of the specimens.
Conclusions: The delivery of mouse recombinant Wnt-3a protein in combination with GBR may promote woven bone formation in critical-size calvarial defects at 7 days of healing.
Keywords: Guided bone regeneration; Wnt proteins; critical-size defect; early wound healing.
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.