Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Rare and Endangered Plant Species Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill in East Central Europe

Monika Szczecińska; Gabor Sramko; Katarzyna Wołosz; Jakub Sawicki

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151730

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Rare and Endangered Plant Species Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill in East Central Europe

PLoS One. 2016 Mar 22;11(3):e0151730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151730. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Monika Szczecińska¹, Gabor Sramko^{2

3}, Katarzyna Wołosz¹, Jakub Sawicki^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
² Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
³ MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
⁴ Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.

Abstract

Pulsatilla patens s.s. is a one of the most endangered plant species in Europe. The present range of this species in Europe is highly fragmented and the size of the populations has been dramatically reduced in the past 50 years. The rapid disappearance of P. patens localities in Europe has prompted the European Commission to initiate active protection of this critically endangered species. The aim of this study was to estimate the degree and distribution of genetic diversity within European populations of this endangered species. We screened 29 populations of P. patens using a set of six microsatellite primers. The results of our study indicate that the analyzed populations are characterized by low levels of genetic diversity (Ho = 0.005) and very high levels of inbreeding (FIS = 0.90). These results suggest that genetic erosion could be partially responsible for the lower fitness in smaller populations of this species. Private allelic richness was very low, being as low as 0.00 for most populations. Average genetic diversity over loci and mean number of alleles in P. patens populations were significantly correlated with population size, suggesting severe genetic drift. The results of AMOVA point to higher levels of variation within populations than between populations.The results of Structure and PCoA analyses suggest that the genetic structure of the studied P. patens populations fall into three clusters corresponding to geographical regions. The most isolated populations (mostly from Romania) formed a separate group with a homogeneous gene pool located at the southern, steppic part of the distribution range. Baltic, mostly Polish, populations fall into two genetic groups which were not fully compatible with their geographic distribution.Our results indicate the serious genetic depauperation of P. patens in the western part of its range, even hinting at an ongoing extinction vortex. Therefore, special conservation attention is required to maintain the populations of this highly endangered species of European Community interest.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Endangered Species*
Europe, Eastern
Gene Frequency / genetics
Genetic Drift
Genetic Variation / genetics*
Genetics, Population*
Microsatellite Repeats / genetics
Population Density
Pulsatilla / genetics*

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre, NN 304 364438, and Hungarian Research Fund (OTKA PD 109686 and K108992).