Detection of West Nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus in birds in Slovakia, using a universal primer set

Arch Virol. 2016 Jun;161(6):1679-83. doi: 10.1007/s00705-016-2828-5. Epub 2016 Mar 21.

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne neurotropic pathogen that presents a major public health concern. Information on WNV prevalence and circulation in Slovakia is insufficient. Oral and cloacal swabs and bird brain samples were tested for flavivirus RNA by RT-PCR using newly designed generic primers. The species designation was confirmed by sequencing. WNV was detected in swab and brain samples, whereas one brain sample was positive for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The WNV sequences clustered with lineages 1 and 2. These results confirm the circulation of WNV in birds in Slovakia and emphasize the risk of infection of humans and horses.

Keywords: Birds; Flavivirus; Raptors; Tick-borne encephalitis virus; West Nile virus.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bird Diseases / virology
  • Birds / virology
  • DNA Primers / genetics
  • Disease Vectors
  • Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne / genetics*
  • Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne / isolation & purification*
  • Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / transmission
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Phylogeny
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • RNA, Viral / isolation & purification
  • Slovakia
  • West Nile Fever / transmission
  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
  • West Nile virus / classification
  • West Nile virus / genetics*
  • West Nile virus / isolation & purification*

Substances

  • DNA Primers
  • RNA, Viral