Sex, germs, and health: pathogen-avoidance motives and health-protective behaviour

Psychol Health. 2016 Aug;31(8):959-75. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1161194. Epub 2016 Apr 6.

Abstract

Objective: Recent work suggests that the psychology of pathogen-avoidance has wide-reaching effects on how people interact with the world. These processes - part of what has been referred to as the behavioural immune system - are, in a way, our 'evolved' health psychology. However, scholars have scarcely investigated how the behavioural immune system relates to health-protective behaviours. The current research attempts to fill this gap.

Design: Across two cross-sectional studies (N = 386 and 470, respectively), we examined the relationship between pathogen-avoidance motives and health-protective behaviour.

Outcome measures: The studies used self-reported measures of attitude and intention as indicators of health-protective behaviour.

Results: Data collected in Study 1 revealed that pathogen-avoidance motivation related to participants' attitude and intention towards sexually transmitted infections screening. High levels of pathogen-avoidance motivation were also related to having had fewer sexual partners, which partially mediated the effect of pathogen-avoidance variables on testing motivation. Study 2 extended these findings by showing moderate associations between pathogen-avoidance motivation and a broad range of health-protective behaviours, including but not limited to pathogen-related health concerns.

Conclusion: We argue that understanding and targeting pathogen-avoidance psychology can add novel and important understanding of health-protective behaviour.

Keywords: STI screening; behavioural immune system; health-protective behaviour; pathogen disgust; pathogen-avoidance; sexual health.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Attitude to Health
  • Avoidance Learning*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Health Behavior*
  • Humans
  • Intention
  • Male
  • Mass Screening / psychology
  • Motivation*
  • Self Report
  • Sexual Behavior / psychology*
  • Sexual Behavior / statistics & numerical data
  • Sexual Partners / psychology
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases / prevention & control
  • Young Adult