Profiling the U.S. Sick Leave Landscape: Presenteeism among Females

Health Serv Res. 2016 Dec;51(6):2305-2317. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12471. Epub 2016 Mar 7.

Abstract

Objective: To profile the sick leave landscape in the United States.

Data sources: The 2011 Leave Supplement of the American Time Use Survey.

Study design: Bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify (i) employees without sick pay coverage and (ii) employees who attend work sick.

Principal findings: Sixty-five percent of full-time employees have sick pay coverage. Coverage rates are below 20 percent for employees with hourly wages below $10, part-time employees, and employees in the hospitality and leisure industry.

Conclusion: Each week, up to 3 million U.S. employees go to work sick. Females, low-income earners, and those aged 25 to 34 years have a significantly elevated risk of presenteeism behavior.

Keywords: Paid sick leave; U.S. sick leave landscape; low-income worker; medical leave; presenteeism; sick pay.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Employment*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Income
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Poverty
  • Presenteeism / statistics & numerical data*
  • Sick Leave / statistics & numerical data*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • United States
  • Workload