The change of plasma galectin-3 concentrations after traumatic brain injury

Abstract

Background: Galectin-3 plays a significant role in microglia activation. Its increased circulating concentration has been associated with some inflammatory diseases. In-hospital major adverse events (IMAEs), including acute traumatic coagulopathy, progressive hemorrhagic injury and posttraumatic cerebral infarction, have high prevalence and are strong predictors of mortality after severe traumatic brain injury (STBI). The present study was designed to investigate the relationships between plasma galectin-3 concentrations and trauma severity, in-hospital mortality and IMAEs following STBI.

Methods: Plasma galectin-3 concentrations of 100 STBI patients and 100 controls were determined. Diagnosis of progressive hemorrhagic injury and posttraumatic cerebral infarction was made on the follow-up computerized tomography scan. Acute traumatic coagulopathy was defined based on coagulation test.

Results: Plasma galectin-3 concentrations were significantly higher in patients as compared to controls and also associated highly with Glasgow Coma Scale scores and plasma C-reactive protein concentrations. Galectin-3 emerged as an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality and IMAEs. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curve of plasma galectin-3 concentrations were similar to those of Glasgow Coma Scale scores for prediction of in-hospital morality and IMAEs.

Conclusions: Plasma galectin-3 concentrations have close relation to inflammation, trauma severity and clinical outcome, suggesting that galectin-3 should have the potential to be a good prognostic biomarker after STBI.

Keywords: Acute traumatic coagulopathy; Galectin-3; Mortality; Posttraumatic cerebral infarction; Progressive hemorrhagic injury; Traumatic brain injury.