VOCl as a Cathode for Rechargeable Chloride Ion Batteries

Ping Gao; M Anji Reddy; Xiaoke Mu; Thomas Diemant; Le Zhang; Zhirong Zhao-Karger; Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula; Oliver Clemens; R Jürgen Behm; Maximilian Fichtner

doi:10.1002/anie.201509564

VOCl as a Cathode for Rechargeable Chloride Ion Batteries

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016 Mar 18;55(13):4285-90. doi: 10.1002/anie.201509564. Epub 2016 Feb 29.

Authors

Ping Gao¹, M Anji Reddy¹, Xiaoke Mu^{1

2}, Thomas Diemant³, Le Zhang¹, Zhirong Zhao-Karger², Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula^{1

2}, Oliver Clemens^{2

4}, R Jürgen Behm^{1

3}, Maximilian Fichtner^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
² Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
³ Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
⁴ Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, University of Technology, Jovanka-Bontschits-Strasse 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
⁵ Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany. m.fichtner@kit.edu.
⁶ Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany. m.fichtner@kit.edu.

PMID: 26924132
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509564

Abstract

A novel room temperature rechargeable battery with VOCl cathode, lithium anode, and chloride ion transporting liquid electrolyte is described. The cell is based on the reversible transfer of chloride ions between the two electrodes. The VOCl cathode delivered an initial discharge capacity of 189 mAh g(-1) . A reversible capacity of 113 mAh g(-1) was retained even after 100 cycles when cycled at a high current density of 522 mA g(-1) . Such high cycling stability was achieved in chloride ion batteries for the first time, demonstrating the practicality of the system beyond a proof of concept model. The electrochemical reaction mechanism of the VOCl electrode in the chloride ion cell was investigated in detail by ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results confirm reversible deintercalation-intercalation of chloride ions in the VOCl electrode.

Keywords: chloride ion batteries; electrochemistry; rechargeable batteries; vanadium oxychloride.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't