Background: Researchers are increasingly using grounded theory methodologies to study the professional experience of nurses and midwives.
Aim: To review common grounded theory characteristics and research design quality as described in grounded theory studies of coping strategies used by nurses and midwives.
Methods: A systematic database search for 2005-2015 identified and assessed grounded theory characteristics from 16 studies. Study quality was assessed using a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool.
Findings: Grounded theory was considered a methodology or a set of methods, able to be used within different nursing and midwifery contexts. Specific research requirements determined the common grounded theory characteristics used in different studies. Most researchers did not clarify their epistemological and theoretical perspectives.
Conclusion: To improve research design and trustworthiness of grounded theory studies in nursing and midwifery, researchers need to state their theoretical stance and clearly articulate their use of grounded theory methodology and characteristics in research reporting.
Keywords: coping; grounded theory; midwives; nurses; qualitative research; research design; strategies.