Does the Medicare Part D Decision-Making Experience Differ by Rural/Urban Location?

J Rural Health. 2017 Jan;33(1):12-20. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12175. Epub 2016 Feb 16.

Abstract

Purpose: Although much has been written about Medicare Part D enrollment, much less is known about beneficiaries' personal experiences with choosing a Part D plan, especially among rural residents. This study sought to address this gap by examining geographic differences in Part D enrollees' perceptions of the plan decision-making process, including their confidence in their choice, their knowledge about the program, and their satisfaction with available information.

Methods: We used data from the 2012 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey and included adults ages 65 and older who were enrolled in Part D at the time of the survey (n = 3,706). We used ordered logistic regression to model 4 outcomes based on beneficiaries' perceptions of the Part D decision-making and enrollment process, first accounting only for differences by rurality, then adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and coverage characteristics.

Findings: Overall, half of all beneficiaries were not very confident in their Part D knowledge. Rural beneficiaries had lower odds of being confident in the plan they chose and in being satisfied with the amount of information available to them during the decision-making process. After adjusting for all covariates, micropolitan residents continued to have lower odds of being confident in the plan that they chose.

Conclusions: Policy-makers should pay particular attention to making information about Part D easily accessible for all beneficiaries and to addressing unique barriers that rural residents have in accessing information while making decisions, such as reduced Internet availability. Furthermore, confidence in the decision-making process may be improved by simplifying the Part D program.

Keywords: Medicare; geriatrics; health services research; pharmacy; policy.

MeSH terms

  • Aged / psychology
  • Aged, 80 and over / psychology
  • Chi-Square Distribution
  • Choice Behavior
  • Decision Making*
  • Female
  • Health Services Accessibility / standards
  • Health Services Accessibility / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Insurance Benefits / standards
  • Insurance Benefits / statistics & numerical data
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Medicare Part D / standards
  • Medicare Part D / statistics & numerical data*
  • Perception*
  • Rural Population*
  • Self Report
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • United States
  • Urban Population*