Using an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) and Cr4+:YAG as the dual-loss modulation, an intracavity KTiOPO4 optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a simultaneously Q-switched and mode-locked (QML) YVO4/Nd:YVO4 laser was realized. The shortest mode-locking pulse duration of the signal wave at 1573 nm was directly measured as 450 ps at an AOM frequency of 2 kHz and a diode pump power of 10.5 W, corresponding to a peak power of 35.5 kW. The temperature tuning of the output signal wavelength was realized in the range from 1571.99 to 1572.61 nm with a blueshift ratio of 0.027 nm/°C. A set of coupled rate equations for the dual-loss-modulated QML laser pumping intracavity OPO was built for the first time to our knowledge. The numerical solutions were fitted with the experimental results.