Unravelling the Biodiversity and Molecular Phylogeny of Needle Nematodes of the Genus Longidorus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Olive and a Description of Six New Species

Antonio Archidona-Yuste; Juan A Navas-Cortés; Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete; Juan E Palomares-Rius; Pablo Castillo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147689

Unravelling the Biodiversity and Molecular Phylogeny of Needle Nematodes of the Genus Longidorus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Olive and a Description of Six New Species

PLoS One. 2016 Jan 25;11(1):e0147689. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147689. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Antonio Archidona-Yuste¹, Juan A Navas-Cortés¹, Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete¹, Juan E Palomares-Rius¹, Pablo Castillo¹

Affiliation

¹ Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.

Abstract

The genus Longidorus includes a remarkable group of invertebrate animals of the phylum Nematoda comprising polyphagous root-ectoparasites of numerous plants including several agricultural crops and trees. Damage is caused by direct feeding on root cells as well as by transmitting nepoviruses that cause disease on those crops. Thus, correct identification of Longidorus species is essential to establish appropriate control measures. We provide the first detailed information on the diversity and distribution of Longidorus species infesting wild and cultivated olive soils in a wide-region in southern Spain that included 159 locations from which 449 sampling sites were analyzed. The present study doubles the known biodiversity of Longidorus species identified in olives by including six new species (Longidorus indalus sp. nov., Longidorus macrodorus sp. nov., Longidorus onubensis sp. nov., Longidorus silvestris sp. nov., Longidorus vallensis sp. nov., and Longidorus wicuolea sp. nov.), two new records for wild and cultivate olives (L. alvegus and L. vineacola), and two additional new records for wild olive (L. intermedius and L. lusitanicus). We also found evidence of some geographic species associations to western (viz. L. alvegus, L. intermedius, L. lusitanicus, L. onubensis sp. nov., L. vineacola, L. vinearum, L. wicuolea sp. nov.) and eastern distributions (viz. L. indalus sp. nov.), while only L. magnus was detected in both areas. We developed a comparative study by considering morphological and morphometrical features together with molecular data from nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S, ITS1, and partial 18S). Results of molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the morphological hypotheses and allowed the delimitation and discrimination of six new species of the genus described herein and four known species. Phylogenetic analyses of Longidorus spp. based on three molecular markers resulted in a general consensus of these species groups, since lineages were maintained for the majority of species. This study represents the most complete phylogenetic analysis for Longidorus species to date.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Biodiversity*
Nematoda / classification*
Nematoda / genetics*
Olea / parasitology*
Phylogeny*
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Species Specificity

Grants and funding

Financial support was received by Projects AGL-2012-37521 from ‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’ of Spain, Project P12-AGR-1486 from ‘Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia’ of Junta de Andalucía, and FEDER financial support from the European Union is gratefully acknowledged. The grant 219262 ArimNET_ERANET FP7 2012–2015 Project PESTOLIVE ‘Contribution of olive history for the management of soilborne parasites in the Mediterranean basin’ from Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), also provided partial financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.