[Prognostic value of measuring the diameter and inspiratory collapse of the inferior vena cava in acute heart failure]

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the utility of measuring the diameter and collapse of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in acute heart failure (AHF), its relationship with the prognosis and serum biomarkers of congestion.

Patients and methods: An observational prospective study was conducted that included 85 patients with AHF, classifying them into 4 groups according to IVC diameter (≤ or >20mm) and inspiratory collapse (< or ≥50%) at admission. The endpoints were mortality due to HF and the combined event of mortality and readmission for HF at 180 days.

Results: Some 24.7% of the patients had an undilated IVC and ≥50% collapse (group 1); 20% had an undilated IVC and <50% collapse (group 2), 5.9% had a dilated IVC and ≥50% collapse (group 3); and 49.4% had a dilated IVC and <50% collapse (group 4). The lack of inspiratory collapse but not IVC dilation was related to higher concentrations of urea (P=.007), creatinine (P=.004), uric acid (P=.008), NT-proBNP (P=.009) and CA125 (P=.005). Survival free of the combined event at 180 days was lower in those patients with no IVC collapse.

Conclusions: Dilation and the absence of the inspiratory collapse of the IVC are common in the context of AHF. The lack of inspiratory collapse of the IVC during the decompensation phase identifies a subgroup of patients with poorer prognosis at 6 months.

Keywords: Congestión venosa; Heart failure; Inferior vena cava; Insuficiencia cardiaca; Prognosis; Pronóstico; Vena cava inferior; Venous congestion.