Marine Pyridoacridine Alkaloids: Biosynthesis and Biological Activities

Sabrin R M Ibrahim; Gamal A Mohamed

doi:10.1002/cbdv.201400434

Marine Pyridoacridine Alkaloids: Biosynthesis and Biological Activities

Chem Biodivers. 2016 Jan;13(1):37-47. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201400434.

Authors

Sabrin R M Ibrahim^{1

2}, Gamal A Mohamed^{3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah , Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia (phone: +966-581-183034; fax:+966-484-75027). sabrinshaur@gmail.com.
² Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, (phone: +20-88-2411330; fax: +20-88-2332776). sabrinshaur@gmail.com.
³ Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (phone: +966-597-636182). gamals2001@yahoo.com.
⁴ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt, (phone: +20-88-2181191; fax: +20-88-2181191). gamals2001@yahoo.com.

Abstract

Pyridoacridines are a class of strictly marine-derived alkaloids that constitute one of the largest chemical families of marine alkaloids. During the last few years, both natural pyridoacridines and their analogues have constituted excellent targets for synthetic works. They have been the subject of intense study due to their significant biological activities; cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, anti-HIV, and anti-parasitic activities. In the present review, 95 pyridoacridine alkaloids isolated from marine organisms are discussed in term of their occurrence, biosynthesis, biological activities, and structural assignment.

Keywords: Alkaloids; Ascidians; Biological activity; Biosynthesis; Pyridoacridine.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Acridines / chemistry
Acridines / metabolism
Acridines / pharmacology*
Alkaloids / biosynthesis
Alkaloids / chemistry
Alkaloids / pharmacology*
Animals
Anti-HIV Agents / chemistry
Anti-HIV Agents / metabolism
Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology*
Anti-Infective Agents / chemistry
Anti-Infective Agents / metabolism
Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology*
Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
Antineoplastic Agents / metabolism
Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
Antiparasitic Agents / chemistry
Antiparasitic Agents / metabolism
Antiparasitic Agents / pharmacology*
Cell Proliferation / drug effects
Humans
Insecticides / chemistry
Insecticides / metabolism
Insecticides / pharmacology*
Molecular Structure
Phenanthrolines / chemistry
Phenanthrolines / metabolism
Phenanthrolines / pharmacology*

Substances

Acridines
Alkaloids
Anti-HIV Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Antineoplastic Agents
Antiparasitic Agents
Insecticides
Phenanthrolines
pyridoacridine