Microfluidic Distance Readout Sweet Hydrogel Integrated Paper-Based Analytical Device (μDiSH-PAD) for Visual Quantitative Point-of-Care Testing

Anal Chem. 2016 Feb 16;88(4):2345-52. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04294. Epub 2016 Jan 27.

Abstract

A disposable, equipment-free, versatile point-of-care testing platform, microfluidic distance readout sweet hydrogel integrated paper-based analytical device (μDiSH-PAD), was developed for portable quantitative detection of different types of targets. The platform relies on a target-responsive aptamer cross-linked hydrogel for target recognition, cascade enzymatic reactions for signal amplification, and microfluidic paper-based analytic devices (μPADs) for visual distance-based quantitative readout. A "sweet" hydrogel with trapped glucoamylase (GA) was synthesized using an aptamer as a cross-linker. When target is present in the sample, the "sweet" hydrogel collapses and releases enzyme GA into the sample, generating glucose by amylolysis. A hydrophilic channel on the μPADs is modified with glucose oxidase (GOx) and colorless 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as the substrate. When glucose travels along the channel by capillary action, it is converted to H2O2 by GOx. In addition, DAB is converted into brown insoluble poly-3,3'-diaminobenzidine [poly(DAB)] by horseradish peroxidase, producing a visible brown bar, whose length is positively correlated to the concentration of targets. The distance-based visual quantitative platform can detect cocaine in urine with high selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Because the target-induced cascade reaction is triggered by aptamer/target recognition, this method is widely suitable for different kinds of targets. With the advantages of low cost, ease of operation, general applicability, and disposability with quantitative readout, the μDiSH-PAD holds great potential for portable detection of trace targets in environmental monitoring, security inspection, personalized healthcare, and clinical diagnostics.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cocaine / urine
  • Cross-Linking Reagents / chemistry
  • Cross-Linking Reagents / metabolism
  • Disposable Equipment
  • Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / metabolism
  • Glucose / metabolism
  • Glucose Oxidase / metabolism
  • Horseradish Peroxidase / metabolism
  • Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / chemistry*
  • Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / metabolism
  • Microfluidic Analytical Techniques*
  • Paper*
  • Point-of-Care Testing*

Substances

  • Cross-Linking Reagents
  • Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
  • Glucose Oxidase
  • Horseradish Peroxidase
  • Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase
  • Cocaine
  • Glucose