Biogeochemical, Isotopic and Bacterial Distributions Trace Oceanic Abyssal Circulation

PLoS One. 2016 Jan 13;11(1):e0145299. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145299. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

We explore the possibility of tracing routes of dense waters toward and within the ocean abyss by the use of an extended set of observed physical and biochemical parameters. To this purpose, we employ mercury, isotopic oxygen, biopolymeric carbon and its constituents, together with indicators of microbial activity and bacterial diversity found in bottom waters of the Eastern Mediterranean. In this basin, which has been considered as a miniature global ocean, two competing sources of bottom water (one in the Adriatic and one in the Aegean seas) contribute to the ventilation of the local abyss. However, due to a recent substantial reduction of the differences in the physical characteristics of these two water masses it has become increasingly complex a water classification using the traditional approach with temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen alone. Here, we show that an extended set of observed physical and biochemical parameters allows recognizing the existence of two different abyssal routes from the Adriatic source and one abyssal route from the Aegean source despite temperature and salinity of such two competing sources of abyssal water being virtually indistinguishable. Moreover, as the near-bottom development of exogenous bacterial communities transported by convectively-generated water masses in the abyss can provide a persistent trace of episodic events, intermittent flows like those generating abyssal waters in the Eastern Mediterranean basin may become detectable beyond the availability of concomitant measurements.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Bacteria / metabolism*
  • Biodiversity*
  • Geography
  • Mediterranean Region
  • Oceans and Seas*
  • Oxygen Isotopes
  • Water
  • Water Movements*

Substances

  • Oxygen Isotopes
  • Water

Grants and funding

The authors want to thank the captains and crews on the research vessels RV Maria Sibylla Merian and RV Poseidon for the excellent cooperation during the campaigns. Thanks go to all scientists/technicians involved in the field campaigns. The ship time of RV Maria Sibylla Merian and the financial support for the journey of scientists and transport of equipment was provided by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the core program METEOR/MERIAN. The Poseidon cruise 414 was supported by funding from the University of Hamburg.