Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate dental nanocomposite

Ling Zhang; Michael D Weir; Laurence C Chow; Joseph M Antonucci; Jihua Chen; Hockin H K Xu

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.015

Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate dental nanocomposite

Dent Mater. 2016 Feb;32(2):285-93. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.015. Epub 2015 Dec 29.

Authors

Ling Zhang¹, Michael D Weir², Laurence C Chow³, Joseph M Antonucci⁴, Jihua Chen⁵, Hockin H K Xu⁶

Affiliations

¹ State Key laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
² Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
³ Dr Anthony Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
⁴ Biomaterials Group, Biosystems & Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
⁵ State Key laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
⁶ Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA. Electronic address: hxu@umaryland.edu.

Abstract

Objectives: Calcium phosphate (CaP) composites with Ca and P ion release can remineralize tooth lesions and inhibit caries. But the ion release lasts only a few months. The objectives of this study were to develop rechargeable CaP dental composite for the first time, and investigate the Ca and P recharge and re-release of composites with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) to achieve long-term inhibition of caries.

Methods: Three NACP nanocomposites were fabricated with resin matrix of: (1) bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) at 1:1 mass ratio (referred to as BT group); (2) pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) at 1:1 ratio (PE group); (3) BisGMA, TEGDMA, and Bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BisMEP) at 2:1:1 ratio (BTM group). Each resin was filled with 20% NACP and 50% glass particles, and the composite was photo-cured. Specimens were tested for flexural strength and elastic modulus, Ca and P ion release, and Ca and P ion recharge and re-release.

Results: NACP nanocomposites had strengths 3-fold of, and elastic moduli similar to, commercial resin-modified glass ionomer controls. CaP ion recharge capability was the greatest for PE group, followed by BTM group, with BT group being the lowest (p<0.05). For each recharge cycle, CaP re-release reached similarly high levels, showing that CaP re-release did not decrease with more recharge cycles. After six recharge/re-release cycles, NACP nanocomposites without further recharge had continuous CaP ion release for 42 d.

Significance: Novel rechargeable CaP composites achieved long-term and sustained Ca and P ion release. Rechargeable NACP nanocomposite is promising for caries-inhibiting restorations, and the Ca and P ion recharge and re-release method has wide applicability to dental composites, adhesives, cements and sealants to achieve long-term caries-inhibition.

Keywords: Calcium phosphate ion release; Calcium phosphate nanoparticles; Dental caries inhibition; Dental composite; Recharge; Remineralization.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Benzoates / chemistry
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / chemistry
Calcium Phosphates / chemistry*
Composite Resins / chemical synthesis
Composite Resins / chemistry*
Dental Caries / prevention & control*
Dental Materials / chemistry*
Elastic Modulus
Materials Testing
Methacrylates / chemistry
Nanocomposites / chemistry*
Polyethylene Glycols / chemistry
Polymethacrylic Acids / chemistry

Substances

Benzoates
Calcium Phosphates
Composite Resins
Dental Materials
Methacrylates
Polymethacrylic Acids
amorphous calcium phosphate
pyromellitic dianhydride glycerol dimethacrylate adduct
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
Polyethylene Glycols
ethoxylated bis-phenol A dimethacrylate
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding