Mandibular angle split osteotomy based on a novel augmented reality navigation using specialized robot-assisted arms--A feasibility study

Abstract

Purpose: Augmented reality (AR) navigation, is a visible 3-dimensional display technology, that, when combined with robot-assisted surgery (RAS), allows precision and automation in operational procedures. In this study, we used an innovative, minimally invasive, simplified operative method to position the landmarks and specialized robot-assisted arms to apply in a rapid protyping (RP) model. This is the first report of the use of AR and RAS technology in craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Method: Five patients with prominent mandibular angle were randomly chosen for this feasibility study. We reconstructed the mandibular modules and created preoperational plans as semi-embedded and nail-fixation modules for an easy registration procedure. The left side of the mandibular modules comprised the experimental groups with use of a robot, and the right sides comprised the control groups without a robot. With AR Toolkits program tracking and display system applied, we carried out the operative plans and measured the error.

Results: Both groups were successfully treated in this study, but the RAS was more accurate and stable. The average position and angle were significant (p < 0.01) between the 2 groups.

Conclusions: This study reports a novel augmented reality navigation with specialized robot-assisted arms for mandibular angle split osteotomy. AR and RAS can be helpful for patients undergoing craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Keywords: Augmented reality; Computer-assisted surgery; Mandibular angle split osteotomy; Robot-assisted surgery.