Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting more than 25% of adults worldwide. In Pakistan, 33% of the adult population suffers from hypertension. Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated the critical role of dietary patterns in the causation, prevention and management of hypertension. There's a dearth of evidence from South Asia in this regard. The present study aimed to identify the association between dietary patterns and hypertension among 4304 low income urban adults who participated in the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation (COBRA) study in Karachi, Pakistan. Dietary information was collected by a 33- item food frequency questionnaire and 3 unique dietary patterns namely; fat and sweet, fruit and vegetable, and seafood and yogurt patterns were derived using principal component factor analyses. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between dietary patterns and hypertension. Men were more likely to have hypertension, while increase in age, and body mass index were also associated with hypertension (p<0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, education, marital status, body mass index, and tobacco use; the seafood and yogurt pattern was less likely (OR=0.78: 95% CI: 0.63, 0.98; p-value 0.03) to be associated with hypertension, whereas no significant associations were seen for other two dietary patterns. These findings suggest that certain dietary patterns may be associated with hypertension among Pakistani low income urban adults.
高血压是一种常见的慢性疾病，全球超过25%的成年人受其影响。在巴基斯 坦，33%的成年人患有高血压。大量的流行病学研究表明膳食模式在高血压的 因果关系、预防和管理中起关键作用。然而，来自南亚的这方面的证据不足。 本研究旨在确定巴基斯坦卡拉奇地区参加高血压控制和风险衰减研究的4304 名城市低收入居民的膳食模式和高血压的关系。采用含33 个条目的食物频率 问卷收集饮食信息，并用主成分因子分析得到3 个独特的膳食模式，分别被命 名为脂肪和甜食、蔬菜和水果、海鲜和酸奶模式。我们采用单因素和多因素 logistic 回归分析研究膳食模式和高血压之间的关系。男性更容易患高血压， 而年龄和体质指数的增加也与高血压有关（p<0.001）。校正年龄、性别、教 育、婚姻状况、体质指数和吸烟之后，海鲜和酸奶模式与高血压呈显著负相关 (OR=0.78：95% CI：0.63， 0.98；p=0.03)，而未见另外两种膳食模式与高血 压存在显著相关性。这些发现表明某些膳食模式可能与巴基斯坦城市低收入居 民的高血压有关。.