Disordered eating behaviours and food insecurity: A qualitative study about children with obesity in low-income households

Abstract

Background: While there is information in the literature describing the poor nutritional intake of food-insecure youth, eating behaviours among food-insecure children - particularly, obese children are less well-described. We conducted focus groups with family members of low-income children who were initiating care in a paediatric obesity clinic. Food hiding emerged as a theme, and generated the motivation for this analysis.

Methods: Between April 2012 and December 2013, a total of 7 focus groups were conducted (4 food-insecure groups and 3 food-secure). Based on recruitment from 37 index patients, the focus groups were attended by a total of 47 participants. Participant responses about eating behaviours were evaluated using a combination of inductive codes derived from the data and deductive codes informed by criteria for diagnosis of disordered eating.

Results: While participants from food-secure and food-insecure households all had anecdotes about their children overeating, respondents in two of the food-insecure groups described episodes that resemble binge eating. The topic of hiding food emerged in the food-insecure groups, though was not endorsed in the food-secure groups despite probing. Night-time eating arose spontaneously in two of the food-insecure groups, but not in the food-secure groups.

Conclusion: This study highlights the presence of food hiding, binge eating, and night-time eating in food-insecure children with obesity. These factors would further compound their health burden, and the relationship between disordered eating and food insecurity in children with obesity warrants further study.

Keywords: Disordered eating; Focus groups; Food hiding; Food insecurity; Paediatric obesity.