Reprint of: Nitric oxide-releasing polysaccharide derivative exhibits 8-log reduction against Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus

Adoracion Pegalajar-Jurado; Kathryn A Wold; Jessica M Joslin; Bella H Neufeld; Kristin A Arabea; Lucas A Suazo; Stephen L McDaniel; Richard A Bowen; Melissa M Reynolds

doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.024

Reprint of: Nitric oxide-releasing polysaccharide derivative exhibits 8-log reduction against Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus

J Control Release. 2015 Dec 28;220(Pt B):617-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.024.

Authors

Adoracion Pegalajar-Jurado¹, Kathryn A Wold², Jessica M Joslin³, Bella H Neufeld³, Kristin A Arabea⁴, Lucas A Suazo⁵, Stephen L McDaniel⁶, Richard A Bowen⁷, Melissa M Reynolds⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: Dori.Pegalajar-Jurado@colostate.edu.
² School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
³ Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
⁴ Department of Chemical Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
⁵ Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
⁶ Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
⁷ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
⁸ Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: Melissa.Reynolds@colostate.edu.

PMID: 26686492
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.024

Abstract

Health-care associated infections (HAIs) and the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains remain significant public health threats worldwide. Although the number of HAIs has decreased by using improved sterilization protocols, the cost related to HAIs is still quantified in billions of dollars. Furthermore, the development of multi-drug resistant strains is increasing exponentially, demonstrating that current treatments are inefficient. Thus, the quest for new methods to eradicate bacterial infection is increasingly important in antimicrobial, drug delivery and biomaterials research. Herein, the bactericidal activity of a water-soluble NO-releasing polysaccharide derivative was evaluated in nutrient broth media against three bacteria strains that are commonly responsible for HAIs. Data confirmed that this NO-releasing polysaccharide derivative induced an 8-log reduction in bacterial growth after 24h for Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the absence of bacteria after 72 h of exposure to NO illustrates the inability of the bacteria to recover and the prevention of biofilm formation. The presented 8-log reduction in bacterial survival after 24h is among the highest reduction reported for NO delivery systems to date, and reaches the desired standard for industrially-relevant reduction. More specifically, this system represents the only water-soluble antimicrobial to reach such a significant bacterial reduction in nutrient rich media, wherein experimental conditions more closely mimic the in vivo environment than those in previous reports. Furthermore, the absence of bacterial activity after 72 h and the versatility of using a water-soluble compound suggest that this NO-releasing polysaccharide derivative is a promising route for treating HAIs.

Keywords: 8-Log reduction; Bactericidal; Nitric-oxide releasing; Polysaccharide.