Phosphorus plays important roles in a variety of biological processes such as energy metabolism, cell signaling, nuclenic acid synthesis and membrane function. A major role of the kidney is to maintain phosphorus homeostasis. It is not surprising that when renal function begins to decline in CKD patients, the homeostasis is disrupted and serum concentration of phosphorus begins to increase. Hyperphosphatemia leads to a series of complications including secondary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, cardiovascular diseases and progression of CKD, which contributing to the excess mortality of CKD. In recent years, as an independent risk factor of health damage, hyperphosphatemia has attracted more and more concerns. The progression of researches about hyperphosphatemia has promoted the clinical therapies of CKD.