Ochrobactrum anthropi is a gram-negative bacillus, usually known as an opportunistic pathogen. Mostly its infection is related with systemic or local lower immunity, and manifested as bacteremia, meningitis, purulent infection. Recently, along with expanded infection, it has become an important human pathogen. The prevention, clinical diagnose and treatment become complicated because varied clinical symptoms increased antibiotic resistance and cross immune reaction with others pathogens. In this review, we summarized the biological characteristics, differential diagnosis, immunity, resistance and genomic characteristics of Ochrobactrum anthropi, to provide reference for prevention, control and treatment management of this disease.