We performed a case-control study to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene (677C/T and 1298A/C) and risk of breast cancer. This case-control study included 216 breast cancer cases and 216 controls. The MTHFR 677C/T and 1298A/C gene polymorphisms were assessed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. We observed an increased likelihood of breast cancer patients having a higher age at menarche and first live birth, and a greater family history of breast cancer, especially among first-degree relatives. In addition, individuals with the TT genotype of MTHFR 677C/T were associated with increased risk of breast cancer by logistic regression analysis; the adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) was 3.05 (1.17-8.87). In conclusion, the results of our study indicated that the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism could play a role in the development of breast cancer.