Sound Environments Surrounding Preterm Infants Within an Occupied Closed Incubator

Abstract

Preterm infants often exhibit functional disorders due to the stressful environment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The sound pressure level (SPL) in the NICU is often much higher than the levels recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Our study aims to describe the SPL and sound frequency levels surrounding preterm infants within closed incubators that utilize high frequency oscillation (HFO) or nasal directional positive airway pressure (nasal-DPAP) respiratory settings.

Design and methods: This is a descriptive research study of eight preterm infants (corrected age<33 weeks) exposed to the equipment when placed in an incubator. The actual noise levels were observed and the results were compared to the recommendations made by neonatal experts.

Results: Increased noise levels, which have reported to affect neonates' ability to self-regulate, could increase the risk of developing attention deficit disorder, and may result in tachycardia, bradycardia, increased intracranial pressure, and hypoxia.

Conclusion and practice implications: The care provider should closely assess for adverse effects of higher sound levels generated by different modes of respiratory support and take measures to ensure that preterm infants are protected from exposure to noise exceeding the optimal safe levels.

Keywords: Developmental care; Environment; Frequency analysis; Preterm infants; Sound.