The ethnic gap in mental health: A population-based study of Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants in Finland

Scand J Public Health. 2016 May;44(3):281-90. doi: 10.1177/1403494815619256. Epub 2015 Dec 8.

Abstract

Aims: Research demonstrates that migrants are more vulnerable to poor mental health than general populations, but population-based studies with distinct migrant groups are scarce. We aim to (1) assess the prevalence of mental health symptoms in Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants in Finland; (2) compare the prevalence of mental health symptoms in these migrant groups to the Finnish population; (3) determine which socio-demographic factors are associated with mental health symptoms.

Methods: We used data from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study and Health 2011 Survey. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), and 1.75 was used as cut-off for clinically significant symptoms. Somatization was measured using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) somatization scale. The age-adjusted prevalence of mental health symptoms in the studied groups was calculated by gender using predicted margins. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which socio-demographic factors are associated with mental health symptoms in the studied population groups.

Results: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was higher in Russian women (24%) and Kurdish men (23%) and women (49%) than in the Finnish population (9-10%). These differences were statistically significant (p<.001). Socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g. unemployment and poor economic situation) and migration-related factors (e.g. poor language proficiency and short time since migration) significantly increased the odds for depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions: Mental health symptoms are highly prevalent particularly in Kurdish migrants in Finland. Holistic interventions and co-operation between integration and mental health services are acutely needed.

Keywords: Migrants; anxiety; depression; immigrant population-based study; mental health; somatization.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Anxiety / ethnology*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Depression / ethnology*
  • Female
  • Finland / epidemiology
  • Health Status Disparities*
  • Health Surveys
  • Humans
  • Iran / ethnology
  • Iraq / ethnology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prevalence
  • Russia / ethnology
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Somalia / ethnology
  • Transients and Migrants / psychology*
  • Transients and Migrants / statistics & numerical data
  • Young Adult