Due to technological advances that have taken place in recent years, optical coherence tomography retinal imaging provides qualitative data of informational value similar to the one of data obtained with conventional histological techniques. Correlation of optical coherence tomography images with histological retinal cross-sections enables the identification of the major retinal layers and anatomical structures. If the retina is pathologically altered, it is possible to visualize pathophysiological processes responsible for reflectivity changes, such as: activation of apoptosis and necrosis, phagocytic cell infiltration and dye accumulation in glial cells.