Visceral basidiobolomycosis: An overlooked infection in immunocompetent children

Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2015 Jul-Sep;12(3):193-6. doi: 10.4103/0189-6725.170218.

Abstract

Visceral basidiobolomycosis is an unusual fungal infection of viscera caused by saprophyte Basidiobolus ranarum. It is very rare in healthy children and poses a diagnostic challenge due to the non-specific clinical presentation and the absence of predisposing factors. We report a case of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in a 4-year-old healthy girl who presented with a short history of abdominal pain, bleeding per rectum, fever, and weight loss. The diagnosis was based on high eosinophilic count, classical histopathology findings of fungal hyphae (the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon), and positive fungal culture from a tissue biopsy. Fungal infection was successfully eradicated with a combined approach of surgical resection of the infected tissue and a well-monitored course of antifungal therapy. The atypical clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and the role of surgery in the management of a rare and lethal fungal disease in an immunocompetent child are discussed.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Child, Preschool
  • Entomophthorales / isolation & purification*
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / diagnosis
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / immunology
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / microbiology*
  • Humans
  • Immunocompromised Host*
  • Zygomycosis / diagnosis
  • Zygomycosis / immunology
  • Zygomycosis / microbiology*