A Study of the Oxidation Behaviour of Pile Grade A (PGA) Nuclear Graphite Using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Tomography (XRT)

PLoS One. 2015 Nov 17;10(11):e0143041. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143041. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Pile grade A (PGA) graphite was used as a material for moderating and reflecting neutrons in the UK's first generation Magnox nuclear power reactors. As all but one of these reactors are now shut down there is a need to understand the residual state of the material prior to decommissioning of the cores, in particular the location and concentration of key radio-contaminants such as 14C. The oxidation behaviour of unirradiated PGA graphite was studied, in the temperature range 600-1050°C, in air and nitrogen using thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray tomography to investigate the possibility of using thermal degradation techniques to examine 14C distribution within irradiated material. The thermal decomposition of PGA graphite was observed to follow the three oxidation regimes historically identified by previous workers with limited, uniform oxidation at temperatures below 600°C and substantial, external oxidation at higher temperatures. This work demonstrates that the different oxidation regimes of PGA graphite could be developed into a methodology to characterise the distribution and concentration of 14C in irradiated graphite by thermal treatment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Carbon Radioisotopes / analysis
  • Graphite / analysis*
  • Kinetics
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Radioactive Waste / analysis
  • Thermogravimetry
  • Tomography, X-Ray

Substances

  • Carbon Radioisotopes
  • Radioactive Waste
  • Graphite

Grants and funding

The work was primarily supported by joint funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research council and Radioactive Waste Management under the contract GeoWaste EP/I036354/1. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis associated with the paper. RWM did review the paper prior to submission.