A search is presented for hidden-sector bosons, χ, produced in the decay B(0)→K*(892)(0)χ, with K*(892)(0)→K(+)π(-) and χ→μ(+)μ(-). The search is performed using pp-collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb(-1) collected with the LHCb detector. No significant signal is observed in the accessible mass range 214≤m(χ)≤4350 MeV, and upper limits are placed on the branching fraction product B(B(0)→K*(892)(0)χ)×B(χ→μ(+)μ(-)) as a function of the mass and lifetime of the χ boson. These limits are of the order of 10(-9) for χ lifetimes less than 100 ps over most of the m(χ) range, and place the most stringent constraints to date on many theories that predict the existence of additional low-mass bosons.