We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between PAR1 gene polymorphisms and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 270 patients with COPD and 270 control subjects were consecutively recruited between March 2012 and March 2014. A polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was used to assess the polymorphisms PAR1 IVS-14 A/T rs168753 and -506 I/D rs11267092. The frequency of the AA genotype in PAR1 IVS-14 A/T rs168753 was significantly higher than in the controls (χ(2) = 7.23, P = 0.03). By logistic regression analysis, we found that the AA genotype of PAR1 IVS-14 A/T rs168753 was associated with increased risk of COPD compared with the GG genotype. The adjusted OR (95%CI) was 2.00 (1.15-3.50) for the AA genotype. In conclusion, we found that the PAR1 IVS-14 A/T rs168753 polymorphism was associated with the development of COPD.