A rising interest by consumers and various governmental organizations towards the quality of food has been continuously observed. Pesticide residue analysis has a significant role in assessing food safety and quality. This article reviews the new analytical approaches for efficient extraction and reliable identification and quantification of pesticides in foodstuffs and related matrixes. Emphasis is given to the new materials used for effective extract purification. We discuss the potential and pitfalls of the different LC/MS approaches, including application of high resolution mass spectrometry in the area of pesticide residue analysis. Untargeted and retrospective screening is outlined, highlighting prospects and achievements as well as its major drawbacks.