Hexaphyrin-Cyclodextrin Hybrids: A Nest for Switchable Aromaticity, Asymmetric Confinement, and Isomorphic Fluxionality

Abstract

Conformational control over the highly flexible π-conjugated system of expanded porphyrins is a key step toward the fundamental understanding of aromaticity and for the development of molecular electronics. We have synthesized unprecedented hexaphyrin-cyclodextrin (HCD) capped hybrids in which the hexaphyrin part is constrained in a planar rectangular conformation in either a 26 or a 28 π-electron oxidation state ([26]/[28]HCD). These structures display strong aromaticity and antiaromaticity, respectively, exhibit markedly different chiroptical properties, and are interconvertible upon the addition of DDQ or NaBH(OAc)3, thus affording a rare switchable aromatic-antiaromatic system with a free-base expanded porphyrin. Conformational analysis revealed discrimination of the two coordination sites of the hexaphyrin, one of which was coupled to a confined asymmetric environment, and fluxional behavior consisting of apparent rotation of the hexaphyrin cap through a shape-shifting mechanism.

Keywords: aromaticity; conformation analysis; cyclodextrins; degenerate equilibria; porphyrinoids.