Ca(2+)/calmodulin regulates Kvβ1.1-mediated inactivation of voltage-gated K(+) channels

Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 21:5:15509. doi: 10.1038/srep15509.

Abstract

A-type K(+) channels open on membrane depolarization and undergo subsequent rapid inactivation such that they are ideally suited for fine-tuning the electrical signaling in neurons and muscle cells. Channel inactivation mostly follows the so-called ball-and-chain mechanism, in which the N-terminal structures of either the K(+) channel's α or β subunits occlude the channel pore entry facing the cytosol. Inactivation of Kv1.1 and Kv1.4 channels induced by Kvβ1.1 subunits is profoundly decelerated in response to a rise in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, thus making the affected channel complexes negative feedback regulators to limit neuronal overexcitation. With electrophysiological and biochemical experiments we show that the Ca(2+) dependence is gained by binding of calmodulin to the "chain" segment of Kvβ1.1 thereby compromising the mobility of the inactivation particle. Furthermore, inactivation regulation via Ca(2+)/calmodulin does not interfere with the β subunit's enzymatic activity as an NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase, thus rendering the Kvβ1.1 subunit a multifunctional receptor that integrates cytosolic signals to be transduced to altered electrical cellular activity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Calcium / metabolism*
  • Calmodulin / metabolism*
  • Cytosol / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Kv1.1 Potassium Channel / metabolism*
  • Kv1.2 Potassium Channel / metabolism
  • Muscle Cells / metabolism*
  • NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / metabolism
  • Neurons / metabolism*
  • Oocytes / metabolism
  • Porosity
  • Rats
  • Xenopus

Substances

  • Calmodulin
  • Kv1.2 Potassium Channel
  • Kv1.1 Potassium Channel
  • NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases
  • Calcium