Microorganisms of the Corynebacterium genus are examined in the review as a component of a single microecological system of humans in the context of their interaction with the macroorganism, dominant and associative microorganisms under the conditions of both normo- and pathocenosis. Adhesive ability, antagonistic activity, pathogenicity and persistence factors, antibiotics resistance are described. The role of non-pathogenic corynebacteria in the formation of microbiocenoses of human body and realization of colonization resistance is shown on an example of vaginal biotope.