Assessment of Emergency Department Eye Examinations in Patients Presenting with Mid-Face Injury

Abstract

Background: One-fifth of patients with severe facial trauma suffer ophthalmic injury. Currently, patients presenting with mid-face injury to the emergency department (ED) undergo visual examination and then further assessment by ophthalmologists and with computed tomography (CT) scanning. The utility of the initial visual examination in the ED, performed by nonophthalmologists, remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to objectively identify whether a more thorough initial visual assessment, performed by nonophthalmologists in the ED, was associated with improved ophthalmic outcomes.

Methods: Patients (n = 100) were retrospectively recruited from a tertiary craniomaxillofacial center. Visual examinations performed in the ED were scored objectively and measured against defined management and prognostic outcomes.

Results: There was no significant difference between more thorough initial visual examination and reduced time to ophthalmology assessment or reduced visual complications. There was no correlation between more comprehensive examination and incidence of CT scanning.

Conclusions: We identified no significant difference between a comprehensive visual examination performed by nonophthalmologists in the ED, and improved ophthalmic outcomes. Physicians assessing patients with mid-face trauma in the ED should rule out eye emergencies, including retrobulbar hemorrhage and penetrating globe injury, and initiate expeditious CT scan and assessment by specialist ophthalmologists.

Keywords: eye examination; facial trauma; mid-face injury; ophthalmology assessment; visual complications.