Purpose: To evaluate the influence of a three-step etch-and-rinse versus a two-step self-etch adhesive system on immediate post-operative sensitivity.
Methods: In total, 204 subjects with one posterior tooth affected by a primary carious lesion were recruited. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, based on the two multi-step adhesive systems used: Group A (All Bond 3) and Group B (Clearfil Protect Bond). The same skilled operator carried out the restorations using a nano-hybrid composite (Venus Diamond) in oblique stratification. Each increment was light-cured for 20 seconds with a LED lamp (Translux Power Blue). Subjects received a three-level thermal sensitivity questionnaire for post-operative sensitivity ratings. The evaluations were recorded daily for 7 days. Scores were analyzed using the McNemar test and postoperative trends were analyzed with the Friedman test (P < 0.05). All (100%) enrolled subjects completed the follow-up visits. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in post-operative sensitivity trends. In both groups, increased post-operative sensitivity was found at D1, which then decreased significantly during the observation period.
Results: The results of this in vivo study showed that both of the tested adhesives, etch-and-rinse or self-etch, provided effective dentin sealing, preventing subjects from experiencing post-operative sensitivity in the treatment of medium-depth cavities.