Synthesis of Triazole-Linked Analogues of c-di-GMP and Their Interactions with Diguanylate Cyclase

J Med Chem. 2015 Oct 22;58(20):8269-84. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01184. Epub 2015 Oct 12.

Abstract

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a widespread second messenger that plays a key role in bacterial biofilm formation. The compound's ability to assume multiple conformations allows it to interact with a diverse set of target macromolecules. Here, we analyzed the binding mode of c-di-GMP to the allosteric inhibitory site (I-site) of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and compared it to the conformation adopted in the catalytic site of the EAL phosphodiesterases (PDEs). An array of novel molecules has been designed and synthesized by simplifying the native c-di-GMP structure and replacing the charged phosphodiester backbone with an isosteric nonhydrolyzable 1,2,3-triazole moiety. We developed the first neutral small molecule able to selectively target DGCs discriminating between the I-site of DGCs and the active site of PDEs; this molecule represents a novel tool for mechanistic studies, particularly on those proteins bearing both DGC and PDE modules, and for future optimization studies to target DGCs in vivo.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Biofilms / drug effects
  • Cyclic GMP / analogs & derivatives*
  • Cyclic GMP / chemical synthesis*
  • Cyclic GMP / pharmacology
  • Drug Design
  • Escherichia coli Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Guanine / chemistry
  • Indicators and Reagents
  • Models, Molecular
  • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa / drug effects
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Substrate Specificity
  • Triazoles / chemical synthesis*
  • Triazoles / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Escherichia coli Proteins
  • Indicators and Reagents
  • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
  • Triazoles
  • Guanine
  • Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases
  • diguanylate cyclase
  • Cyclic GMP