Abstract
Patients co-infected with HIV-1 and tuberculosis (TB) are at risk of developing TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) following commencement of antiretroviral therapy (ART). TB-IRIS is characterized by transient but severe localized or systemic inflammatory reactions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Here, we review the risk factors and clinical management of TB-IRIS, as well as the roles played by different aspects of the immune response in contributing to TB-IRIS pathogenesis.
Keywords:
Drug therapy-complications; HIV-1 infection; Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; Tuberculosis.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Coinfection*
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Disease Management
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Disease Models, Animal
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HIV Infections / complications*
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HIV Infections / drug therapy
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HIV Infections / immunology
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HIV Infections / virology
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HIV-1 / immunology
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Host-Pathogen Interactions* / immunology
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Humans
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Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / diagnosis
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Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / etiology*
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Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / metabolism
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Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / therapy
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Immune System / cytology
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Immune System / drug effects
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Immune System / immunology
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Immune System / metabolism
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis / immunology
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Risk Factors
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Signal Transduction
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Tuberculosis / complications*
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Tuberculosis / drug therapy
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Tuberculosis / immunology
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Tuberculosis / microbiology