[Hypertrophic pachymeningitis secondary to IgG4-related disease: case report and review of the literature]

Rev Neurol. 2015 Oct 1;61(7):308-12.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is an infrequent disorder that produces focal or diffuse thickening of the dura mater. It can be idiopathic or secondary to infectious, autoimmune or neoplastic processes. The recently described 'IgG4-related disease' could be the cause of many cases considered cryptogenic.

Case report: A 54-year-old woman, with a history of bronchial asthma, presented with headache, dizziness and hearing loss on her left ear. The brain MRI study with gadolinium showed enhancement and thickening of the dura mater, extending from lateral wall of left cavernous sinus and medial temporal lobe to cerebellopontine angle and ipsilateral tentorium. CSF had 10 leukocytes/µL (90% mononuclear), with 1 g/L protein and without glucose consumption. Pathology showed fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, with 16 IgG4+ plasma cells per high power field. The rest of analytical and microbiological studies were normal or negative. The plasma IgG4 rate was within normal limits. After treatment with steroids there was clinical improvement accompanied by the virtual disappearance of the alterations detected in neuroimaging.

Conclusions: Hypertrophic pachymeningitis as a manifestation of IgG4-related disease can be diagnosed based on MRI findings if plasma IgG4 is elevated. In doubtful cases we must resort to meningeal biopsy. Corticosteroid therapy is usually effective and it is the first line treatment.

Title: Paquimeningitis hipertrofica secundaria a enfermedad relacionada con IgG4: descripcion de un caso y revision de la bibliografia.

Introduccion. La paquimeningitis hipertrofica es un trastorno infrecuente que produce un engrosamiento focal o difuso de la duramadre. Puede ser idiopatica o secundaria a procesos infecciosos, autoinmunes o neoplasicos. La recientemente descrita 'enfermedad relacionada con IgG4' podria ser la causa de bastantes cuadros considerados criptogenicos. Caso clinico. Mujer de 54 años, con historia de asma bronquial, que consulto por cefalea, vertigo y perdida de audicion por su oido izquierdo. En la resonancia magnetica cerebral con gadolinio se objetivo engrosamiento y realce dural, que se extendia desde la pared lateral del seno cavernoso izquierdo y la parte medial del lobulo temporal al angulo pontocerebeloso y parte del tentorio homolaterales. El liquido cefalorraquideo presentaba 10 leucocitos/µL (90% mononucleares), con 1 g/L de proteinas y sin consumo de glucosa. El estudio anatomopatologico mostro fibrosis y un infiltrado linfoplasmocitario, con 16 celulas plasmaticas IgG4+ por campo de gran aumento. El resto de estudios analiticos y microbiologicos resultaron normales o negativos. La tasa plasmatica de IgG4 estaba dentro de los limites normales. Tratada con esteroides, se produjo mejoria clinica acompañada de la practica desaparicion de las alteraciones detectadas en la neuroimagen. Conclusiones. La paquimeningitis hipertrofica como manifestacion de la enfermedad relacionada con IgG4 puede diagnosticarse basandose en los hallazgos de la resonancia magnetica si la IgG4 plasmatica esta elevada. En casos dudosos, habra que recurrir a la biopsia meningea. La corticoterapia suele ser eficaz y representa la primera linea terapeutica.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use
  • Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / complications
  • Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / diagnosis
  • Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / diagnostic imaging
  • Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / etiology*
  • Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / pathology
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • B-Lymphocytes / pathology*
  • Cavernous Sinus / pathology
  • Cerebellopontine Angle / pathology
  • Evoked Potentials, Auditory
  • Female
  • Fibrosis
  • Humans
  • Hypertrophy
  • Immunoglobulin G / analysis*
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Meningitis / complications
  • Meningitis / diagnosis
  • Meningitis / diagnostic imaging
  • Meningitis / etiology*
  • Meningitis / immunology
  • Meningitis / pathology
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuroimaging
  • Sclerosis
  • Spinal Cord / pathology
  • Temporal Lobe / pathology
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Substances

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Immunosuppressive Agents