Using indices of heart rate variability the authors identified patterns in alterations of vegetative status in women with overactive bladder syndrome in different periods of the reproductive function. They established predominant role of sympathetic influences in the development of the OAB syndrome in reproductive period, during menopause and in postmenopause. The study results verified the role of hormonal levels in women with OAB syndrome in different periods of the reproductive function, having a different initial tone of the autonomic nervous system.