Evaluation of Multiband EPI Acquisitions for Resting State fMRI

PLoS One. 2015 Sep 16;10(9):e0136961. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136961. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and particularly resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is widely used to investigate resting state brain networks (RSNs) on the systems level. Echo planar imaging (EPI) is the state-of-the-art imaging technique for most fMRI studies. Therefore, improvements of EPI might lead to increased sensitivity for a large amount of studies performed every day. A number of developments to shorten acquisition time have been recently proposed and the multiband technique, allowing the simultaneous acquisition of multiple slices yielding an equivalent reduction of measurement time, is the most promising among them. While the prospect to significantly reduce acquisition time by means of high multiband acceleration factors (M) appears tempting, signal quality parameters and the sensitivity to detect common RSNs with increasing M-factor have only been partially investigated up to now. In this study, we therefore acquired rs-fMRI data from 20 healthy volunteers to systematically investigate signal characteristics and sensitivity for brain network activity in datasets with increasing M-factor, M = 2 - 4. Combined with an inplane, sensitivity encoding (SENSE), acceleration factor, S = 2, we applied a maximal acceleration factor of 8 (S2×M4). Our results suggest that an M-factor of 2 (total acceleration of 4) only causes negligible SNR decrease but reveals common RSN with increased sensitivity and stability. Further M-factor increase produced random artifacts as revealed by signal quality measures that may affect interpretation of RSNs under common scanning conditions. Given appropriate hardware, a mb-EPI sequence with a total acceleration of 4 significantly reduces overall scanning time and clearly increases sensitivity to detect common RSNs. Together, our results suggest mb-EPI at moderate acceleration factors as a novel standard for fMRI that might increase our understanding of network dynamics in healthy and diseased brains.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Brain / physiology
  • Echo-Planar Imaging*
  • Female
  • Healthy Volunteers
  • Humans
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted*
  • Male
  • Nerve Net / physiology
  • Rest*
  • Signal-To-Noise Ratio
  • Time Factors
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

CP is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (PR 1039/4-1). MB is employee of GyroTools (Zürich, Switzerland). Philips Healthcare provided the 32-channel head coil and the multiband EPI patch. GyroTools provided support in the form of salaries for author MB, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.”