Vagal nerve stimulation activates vagal afferent fibers that reduce cardiac efferent parasympathetic effects

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015 Nov;309(9):H1579-90. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00558.2015. Epub 2015 Sep 14.

Abstract

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to have antiarrhythmic effects, but many of these benefits were demonstrated in the setting of vagal nerve decentralization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of afferent fiber activation during VNS on efferent control of cardiac hemodynamic and electrophysiological parameters. In 37 pigs a 56-electrode sock was placed over the ventricles to record local activation recovery intervals (ARIs), a surrogate of action potential duration. In 12 of 37 animals atropine was given systemically. Right and left VNS were performed under six conditions: both vagal trunks intact (n = 25), ipsilateral right (n = 11), ipsilateral left (n = 14), contralateral right (n = 7), contralateral left (n = 10), and bilateral (n = 25) vagal nerve transection (VNTx). Unilateral VNTx significantly affected heart rate, PR interval, Tau, and global ARIs. Right VNS after ipsilateral VNTx had augmented effects on hemodynamic parameters and increase in ARI, while subsequent bilateral VNTx did not significantly modify this effect (%change in ARI in intact condition 2.2 ± 0.9% vs. ipsilateral VNTx 5.3 ± 1.7% and bilateral VNTx 5.3 ± 0.8%, P < 0.05). Left VNS after left VNTx tended to increase its effects on hemodynamics and ARI response (P = 0.07), but only after bilateral VNTx did these changes reach significance (intact 1.1 ± 0.5% vs. ipsilateral VNTx 3.6 ± 0.7% and bilateral VNTx 6.6 ± 1.6%, P < 0.05 vs. intact). Contralateral VNTx did not modify VNS response. The effect of atropine on ventricular ARI was similar to bilateral VNTx. We found that VNS activates afferent fibers in the ipsilateral vagal nerve, which reflexively inhibit cardiac parasympathetic efferent electrophysiological and hemodynamic effects.

Keywords: afferent cardiac neurotransmission; electrophysiology; parasympathetic; vagotomy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Action Potentials / drug effects
  • Action Potentials / physiology*
  • Afferent Pathways / physiology*
  • Animals
  • Atropine / pharmacology
  • Efferent Pathways / physiology*
  • Female
  • Heart / drug effects
  • Heart / innervation
  • Heart / physiology
  • Heart Rate / drug effects
  • Heart Rate / physiology
  • Heart Ventricles / drug effects
  • Heart Ventricles / innervation*
  • Hemodynamics / drug effects
  • Hemodynamics / physiology
  • Male
  • Parasympathetic Nervous System / drug effects
  • Parasympathetic Nervous System / physiology*
  • Parasympatholytics / pharmacology
  • Sus scrofa
  • Swine
  • Vagotomy*
  • Vagus Nerve / physiology*
  • Vagus Nerve / surgery
  • Vagus Nerve Stimulation*
  • Ventricular Function / drug effects
  • Ventricular Function / physiology*

Substances

  • Parasympatholytics
  • Atropine