Tetramic Acids and Pyridone Alkaloids from the Endolichenic Fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum

Abstract

Three new tetramic acid derivatives, tolypocladenols A1, A2, and B (1-3), a new pyridone alkaloid, tolypyridone A (4), and a new coumarin derivative, 3,8-dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methylcoumarin (5), together with four known compounds (6-9) were isolated from the endolichenic fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum, which inhabits the lichen Lethariella zahlbruckneri. Structures of these compounds were determined by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction determination. Bioassay of the isolated compounds found that pyridoxatin (7) was cytotoxic to human cancer cells by induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.