Synthesis, characterization and application of ZnO-Ag as a nanophotocatalyst for organic compounds degradation, mechanism and economic study

J Environ Sci (China). 2015 Sep 1:35:194-207. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.030. Epub 2015 Jul 4.

Abstract

The current work deals with ZnO-Ag nanocomposites (in the wide range of x in the Zn1-xO-Agx chemical composition) synthesized using microwave assisted solution combustion method. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometry), SEM (scanning electron microscopy technique), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectrum), ICP (inductively coupled plasma technique), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method), UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer) and photoluminescence spectrophotometer. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO-Ag was investigated by photo-degradation of Acid Blue 113 (AB 113) under UV illumination in a semi-batch reactor. This experiment showed that ZnO-Ag has much more excellent photocatalytic properties than ZnO synthesized by the same method. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was due to the decrease in recombination of photogenerated electron-holes. The results showed the improvement of ZnO photocatalytic activity and there is an optimum amount of Ag (3.5mol%) that needs to be doped with ZnO. The effect of operating parameters such as pH, catalyst dose and dye concentration were investigated. The reaction byproducts were identified by LC/MS (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) analysis and a pathway was proposed as well. Kinetic studies indicated that the decolorization process follows the first order kinetics. Also, the degradation percentage of AB 113 was determined using a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. Additionally, cost analysis of the process, the mechanism and the role of Ag were discussed.

Keywords: Advanced oxidation processes; Degradation; Photocatalyst; Wastewater treatment; ZnO-Ag nanocomposite.

MeSH terms

  • Azo Compounds / chemistry*
  • Coloring Agents / chemistry
  • Environmental Restoration and Remediation / economics
  • Environmental Restoration and Remediation / methods*
  • Metal Nanoparticles / chemistry*
  • Photolysis*
  • Silver / chemistry*
  • Ultraviolet Rays
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / chemistry*
  • Zinc Oxide / chemistry*

Substances

  • Azo Compounds
  • Coloring Agents
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Silver
  • Levanol Fast Cyanine 5RN
  • Zinc Oxide