We have developed a novel solid-phase extraction (SPE) system utilizing a temperature-responsive polymer hydrogel-modified stationary phase. Aminopropyl silica beads (average diameter, 40 - 64 μm) were coated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-based thermo-responsive hydrogels. Butyl methacrylate (BMA) and N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPAAm) were used as the hydrophobic and cationic monomers, respectively, and copolymerized with NIPAAm. To evaluate the use of this SPE cartridge for the analysis of drugs and proteins in biological fluids, we studied the separation of phenytoin and theophylline from human serum albumin (HSA) as a model system. The retention of the analytes in an exclusively aqueous eluent could be modulated by changing the temperature and salt content. These results indicated that this temperature-responsive SPE system can be applied to the pretreatment of biological samples for the measurement of serum drug levels.