In this research, we report the development, characterization and application of various plasmonic substrates (with localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength tunable by gold nanoparticle size) for two-photon absorption (TPA)-induced photodimerization of an anthracene derivative, anthracene carboxylic acid, in both surface and solution phase under incoherent visible light irradiation. Despite the efficient photoreaction property of anthracene derivatives and the huge number of publications about them, there has never been a report of a multiphoton photoreaction involving an anthracene derivative with the exception of a reverse photoconversion of anthracene photodimer to monomer with three-photon absorption. We examined the progress of the TPA-induced photoreaction by means of surface-enhanced Raman scattering, taking advantage of the ability of our plasmonic substrate to enhance and localize both incident light for photoreaction and Raman scattering signal for analysis of photoreaction products. The TPA-induced photoreaction in the case of anthracene carboxylic acid coated 2D array of gold nanoparticles gave different results according to the properties of the plasmonic substrate, such as the size of the gold nanoparticle and also its resultant optical properties. In particular, a stringent requirement to achieve TPA-induced photodimerization was found to be the matching between irradiation wavelength, localized surface plasmon resonance of the 2D array, and twice the wavelength of the molecular excitation of the target material (in this case, anthracene carboxylic acid). These results will be useful for the future development of efficient plasmonic substrates for TPA-induced photoreactions with various materials.