In the past ten years, corneal endothelial keratoplasty has been widely and successfully performed in China. As an ideal surgical treatment for corneal endothelial diseases, Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplastywas only tried out in few hospitals. This article summarized the development of Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty in surgical indications, operation process and postoperative complications in China and abroad for providing references for clinical application.