Paramagnetic Ligand Tagging To Identify Protein Binding Sites

J Am Chem Soc. 2015 Sep 9;137(35):11391-8. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b06220. Epub 2015 Aug 27.

Abstract

Transient biomolecular interactions are the cornerstones of the cellular machinery. The identification of the binding sites for low affinity molecular encounters is essential for the development of high affinity pharmaceuticals from weakly binding leads but is hindered by the lack of robust methodologies for characterization of weakly binding complexes. We introduce a paramagnetic ligand tagging approach that enables localization of low affinity protein-ligand binding clefts by detection and analysis of intermolecular protein NMR pseudocontact shifts, which are invoked by the covalent attachment of a paramagnetic lanthanoid chelating tag to the ligand of interest. The methodology is corroborated by identification of the low millimolar volatile anesthetic interaction site of the calcium sensor protein calmodulin. It presents an efficient route to binding site localization for low affinity complexes and is applicable to rapid screening of protein-ligand systems with varying binding affinity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anesthetics / chemistry
  • Anesthetics / metabolism
  • Binding Sites
  • Calmodulin / chemistry
  • Calmodulin / metabolism
  • Lanthanoid Series Elements / chemistry
  • Ligands
  • Magnetic Phenomena*
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Methyl Ethers / chemistry
  • Methyl Ethers / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Proteins / chemistry
  • Proteins / metabolism*
  • Sevoflurane

Substances

  • Anesthetics
  • Calmodulin
  • Lanthanoid Series Elements
  • Ligands
  • Methyl Ethers
  • Proteins
  • Sevoflurane