A Nucleus-Imaging Probe That Selectively Stabilizes a Minor Conformation of c-MYC G-quadruplex and Down-regulates c-MYC Transcription in Human Cancer Cells

Sci Rep. 2015 Aug 19:5:13183. doi: 10.1038/srep13183.

Abstract

The c-MYC proto-oncogene is a regulator of fundamental cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and apoptosis. The development of novel c-MYC inhibitors that can act by targeting the c-MYC DNA G-quadruplex at the level of transcription would provide potential insight into structure-based design of small molecules and lead to a promising arena for cancer therapy. Herein we report our finding that two simple bis-triazolylcarbazole derivatives can inhibit c-MYC transcription, possibly by stabilizing the c-MYC G-quadruplex. These compounds are prepared using a facile and modular approach based on Cu(I) catalysed azide and alkyne cycloaddition. A carbazole ligand with carboxamide side chains is found to be microenvironment-sensitive and highly selective for "turn-on" detection of c-MYC quadruplex over duplex DNA. This fluorescent probe is applicable to visualize the cellular nucleus in living cells. Interestingly, the ligand binds to c-MYC in an asymmetric fashion and selects the minor-populated conformer via conformational selection.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Carbazoles / chemical synthesis
  • Carbazoles / chemistry
  • Carbazoles / pharmacology
  • Cell Cycle / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Nucleus / drug effects
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism*
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Circular Dichroism
  • Down-Regulation*
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
  • Fluorescent Dyes / metabolism
  • G-Quadruplexes
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Molecular Probes / chemistry
  • Molecular Probes / metabolism*
  • Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Proto-Oncogene Mas
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / metabolism
  • Transcription, Genetic*

Substances

  • Carbazoles
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Ligands
  • MAS1 protein, human
  • Molecular Probes
  • Proto-Oncogene Mas
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc